I’m building a proof-of-concept cognitive radio that can hop intelligently across idle channels in real time. The core of the work is a GNU Radio flowgraph that performs energy-detection sensing on a Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) and then makes dynamic spectrum-access decisions based on the results. Here is what I need from you: • A clean, well-commented GNU Radio Companion file (or equivalent Python blocks) that implements energy detection, computes thresholding adaptively, and flags spectrum holes fast enough for live operation. • A simple access policy module that uses those flags to retune the USRP transmitter/receiver without crashing or losing sync. • A short README explaining key parameters, how to replicate the test, and how to extend the sensing window, threshold logic, or dwell time. Acceptance criteria • I can run the flowgraph on my X310 and watch it move to a free 5 MHz band when I intentionally light up the current channel with an interfering signal. • CPU usage must stay within a single Ryzen-7 core at 10 Msps. • All code builds with the default GNU Radio 3.10 stack on Ubuntu 22.04, no external forks required. If you have already tuned high-speed USRP pipelines or published energy-detection work in GNU Radio, that’s a plus—send a quick note about it in your proposal.